/* stylelint-disable selector-list-comma-newline-after */

body {
    background-color: #F0F0F0;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.container {
    background-color: white;
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
}

.site-header {
    background-color: #1C304A;
    line-height: 1;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
    padding: 15px;
    color: #FFF;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: "Playfair Display", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
}

.article-title {
    font-size: 1.7em;
}

.display-4 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .display-4 {
        font-size: 3rem;
    }
}

main {
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

main a {
    color: #4F637D;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

main a:focus,
main a:hover {
    color: #4F637D;
}

.navbar {
    padding: 0;
}

.card-img-right {
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
}

.flex-auto {
    -ms-flex: 0 0 auto;
    -webkit-box-flex: 0;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.h-250 {
    height: 250px;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .h-md-250 {
        height: 250px;
    }
}

.border-top {
    border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}

.border-bottom {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}

.box-shadow {
    box-shadow: 0 .25rem .75rem rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);
}

/* Pagination */
.site-pagination {
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.site-pagination .btn {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.news-post {
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.news-post-title {
    margin-bottom: .25rem;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
}

.news-post-meta {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    color: #999;
}

/*
 * Footer
 */
.site-footer {
    padding: 2.5rem 15px;
    color: #5E5E5E;
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #FCFCFC;
    border-top: .05rem solid #e5e5e5;
}

.site-footer a {
    color: #00688B;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.site-footer p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.navbar-custom {
    background-color: #1C304A;
}

/* change the brand and text color */
.navbar-custom .navbar-brand,
.navbar-custom .navbar-text {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
}

/* change the link color */
.navbar-custom .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
}

/* change the color of active or hovered links */
.navbar-custom .nav-item.active .nav-link,
.navbar-custom .nav-item:hover .nav-link,
.navbar-custom .nav-item:focus .nav-link {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.fa-check {
    color: green;
}

.fa-times {
    color: darkred;
}

.btn-primary, .btn-primary:active, .btn-primary:visited {
    background-color: #1C304A;
    border-color: #1C304A;
    color: white;
}

.btn-primary:hover,
.bn-primary:focus {
    color: white;
    background-color: #1C304A;
    border-color: #1C304A;
    transition: all 1s ease;
    -webkit-transition: all 1s ease;
    -moz-transition: all 1s ease;
    -o-transition: all 1s ease;
    -ms-transition: all 1s ease;
}

.skipnav {
    text-align: left;
}

.skipnav a {
    position: absolute;
    left: -10000px;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: #4F637D;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.skipnav a:focus, .skipnav a:active {
    position: static;
    left: 0;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    overflow: visible;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.contact h3 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
}

.contact h4 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.card {
    margin-bottom: 15px !important;
}

.full-width-card {
    min-width: 100%;
}

.card img:not(.clean-banner-image) {
    max-height: 250px;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.footer-img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.carousel-min {
    min-width: 100%;
    min-height: 500px;
}

.carousel-caption {
    left: 0px;
    bottom: 0px;
    background-color: rgba(55, 55, 55, .8);
}

.carousel-caption h2 a {
    color: white;
}

.row-eq-height {
    display: -webkit-box;
    display: -webkit-flex;
    display: -ms-flexbox;
    display: flex;
}

.article-thumbnail {
    object-fit: cover;
}

.card-block {
    padding: 20px;
}

#carousel-buttons {
    margin-left: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 5px;
    right: 5px;
}

.carousel-control-next {
	top: 40px;
}

.carousel-control-prev {
	top: 40px;
}

.carousel-item .carousel-caption {
  /* Bootstrap 4.4 hides the caption on small screens by default,
   * even for active carousel items.
   * This unhides them for accessibility. */
  display: block !important;
}

footer svg {
    height: 100px;
    width: 100%;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 990px) {
    .article-title {
        font-size: 1.1em !important;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 764px) {
    .article-title {
        font-size: 0.9em !important;
    }

    p {
        font-size: 0.7em !important;
        margin-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .card-img-overlay {
        padding: 10px;
    }

    .card img:not(.clean-banner-image) {
        min-height: 220px;
        object-fit: cover;
    }
}

.card-deck {
    padding-left: 15px;
    padding-right: 15px;
}

.article-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.editor-name {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.article-menu h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.white-text {
    color: white;
}

.white-text a {
    color: white;
}

.white-text a:hover,
.white-text a:focus {
    color: white;
}

.article-img {
    filter: brightness(50%);
}

.journal-name {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.header-image {
    max-height: 120px;
}

.orcid-img {
    height: 16px;
    width: 16px;
    display: inline-block;
}


.table-foot .table-footnotes li.fn {
    list-style-type: none;
}

.article-table {
  display: block;
  overflow-x: scroll;
}

.table-caption {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.math-formulae {
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.journal-card-title {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    font-size: 13px;
}

.row-smaller-gutters {
    margin-left: -9px;
    margin-right: -9px;
}
.row-smaller-gutters > div[class^="col"] {
    padding-left: 9px;
    padding-right: 9px;
}
header svg {
    max-height: 120px;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.journal-div {
    padding-bottom:15px;
}
.journal-name {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.journal-button-block {
    margin-top: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.responsive-img {
    max-width: 100%;
}

.article-table {
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #212529;
}

.article-table th,
.article-table td {
  padding: 0.75rem;
  vertical-align: top;
  border-top: 1px solid #6c757d;
}

.article-table thead th {
  vertical-align: bottom;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #6c757d;
}

.article-table tbody + tbody {
  border-top: 2px solid #6c757d;
}

.article-table-sm th,
.article-table-sm td {
  padding: 0.3rem;
}


.homepage-element-search-bar input[type="text"] {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.homepage-element-search-bar .input-group-text {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

#main_article {
    margin-top: 30px;
}

.page-link,
.page-link:hover,
.page-link:focus {
  color: #4F637D;
}

.page-item.active .page-link {
  background-color: #4F637D;
}

.social-share-btn{
    border: 1px black solid;
}

#article blockquote {
    background: #F0F0F0;
    border-left: 10px solid #1C304A;
    margin: 1.5em 10px;
    padding: 0.5em 10px;
}

#reflist ul{
    padding-left: 0;
}

#reflist li {
    word-wrap: break-word;
    list-style-type: none;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}

.sticky-toc {
    position: sticky;
    max-height: 100vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    top: 60px;
    z-index: 999;
}

.card.no-image {
    min-height: 200px;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.card.no-image .card-img-overlay {
    position: relative;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 1.25rem;
}

.card.no-image .card-img-overlay.white-text {
    color: #212529;
}

.card.no-image .card-img-overlay.white-text a {
    color: #4F637D;
}

.card.no-image .card-img-overlay.white-text a:hover,
.card.no-image .card-img-overlay.white-text a:focus {
    color: #1C304A;
}

#article iframe {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 16/9;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}
a {
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.section-link {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.section-link:not(:first-of-type) {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

:root {
  --draw-attention: #FFEB3B;
}

.draw-attention{
    background-color: var(--draw-attention);
    transition: background-color 2s ease-out;
}

.back-links-list{
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  margin: 0;
  display: inline;
  white-space: normal;
}

.back-links-list li {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0.1rem;
  display: inline;
  white-space: normal;
}

.back-links-list li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: " ";
}

.byline {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-family: "Playfair Display", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.card-title{
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.superscript-icon {
   vertical-align: super;
   font-size: 0.7em !important; 
}

.pad-icon {
    padding-left: 0.4rem;
    padding-right: 0.4rem;
}

.dropdown-button{
    background: inherit;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-weight: inherit;
    border: 0;
}
        
.background-button{
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
}

.icon-recede{
    opacity: 70%;
}

.keywords-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  white-space: normal;
}
.keywords-list li{
  display: inline-block;
}

.btn-background, .btn-background:active, .btn-background:visited {
    background-color: inherit;
    color: inherit;
    border: 1px, solid, #1C304A;
    padding: 0 10px;
    min-width: 7rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 1;
}

.btn-background:not(:first-child) {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

input + .btn-background {
    height: 2.4375rem;
}

span + .btn-background {
    height: auto;
    min-height: 1.8rem;
}

.btn-background:hover {
    color: white;
    background-color: #1C304A;
    border-color: #1C304A;
    transition: all 1s ease;
    -webkit-transition: all 1s ease;
    -moz-transition: all 1s ease;
    -o-transition: all 1s ease;
    -ms-transition: all 1s ease;
}

.modal-sticky-close{
    position: sticky;
    top: 0.2rem;
    right: 0.2rem;
    z-index: 1050;
    float: right;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    min-width: 24px;
    min-height: 24px;
}

#reading-options{
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  min-height: fit-content;
  box-sizing: border-box;  
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  width: fit-content;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.btn-opt {
    border: 1px solid #1C304A;
    background: #f1f1f1;
}

.dyslexia-friendly {
    font-family: Verdana !important;
    color: #4c4c4c;
    background-color: #F5F5DC;
}

.dyslexia-friendly em,
.dyslexia-friendly i {
    background-color: #FAFAC8;
    font-style: normal;
}

.dyslexia-friendly a {
    font-family: inherit;
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/*
 * WCAG 2.4.7 Focus Visible - Two-Color Focus Indicator (Technique C40)
 * Requires at least 1:9 contrast ratio between the two focus colours. 
 */
:root {
    --focus-light: #F9F9F9;
    --focus-dark: #193146;
    --focus-ring-size: 4px;
}

/* Prevent layout shifts */
    button, input, select, textarea, [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"]),
    .dropdown-menu, .dropdown-item, .nav-link, .nav-link a, .btn {
        margin: var(--focus-ring-size);
    }

    /* Inline links override to prevent layout shifts without affecting typography */
    p a,
    span a, 
    li a {
        margin: calc(-1 * var(--focus-ring-size));
        padding: var(--focus-ring-size);
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    /* Remove margin from elements that shouldn't have it */
    .dropdown-menu a,
    .dropdown-menu button,
    .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item {
        margin: 0;
    }

    /*individual workarounds */
    .article-block a,
    .site-header a ,
    .site-footer a,
    p a ,
    li a {
        display: inline-block;
    }

    .dropdown-item:focus{
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    /* Ensure dropdown containers have enough space */
    .dropdown-menu {
        padding: var(--focus-ring-size);
    }
  
/* General */
*:focus {
    outline: 2px var(--focus-light) solid;
    outline-offset: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--focus-ring-size) var(--focus-dark);
}

/* focus bounding boxes */
a:focus {
    outline: 2px var(--focus-light) solid;
    outline-offset: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--focus-ring-size) var(--focus-dark);
    display: inline-block;
    white-space: normal;
}

.form-check:has(input:focus),
.form-check:has(select:focus),
.form-check:has(textarea:focus) {
    outline: 2px var(--focus-light) solid;
    outline-offset: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--focus-ring-size) var(--focus-dark);
    display: block;
    white-space: normal;
}

/* Alternative approach for browsers that don't support :has() */
.form-check input:focus{
    /* Remove individual focus styles when inside form-check */
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: none;
}
  
/* Specificity overrides for other elements */
main a:focus,
.site-footer a:focus,
#lightbox a:focus,
.navbar-custom .nav-link:focus,
.navbar-custom .navbar-brand:focus,
.btn:focus,
.btn-primary:focus,
.btn-secondary:focus,
.btn-success:focus,
.btn-danger:focus,
.btn-warning:focus,
.btn-info:focus,
.btn-light:focus,
.btn-dark:focus,
.site-pagination > .btn:focus,
.pagination button:focus,
input[type="text"]:focus,
input[type="email"]:focus,
input[type="password"]:focus,
input[type="search"]:focus,
input[type="number"]:focus,
input[type="date"]:focus,
input[type="datetime-local"]:focus,
input[type="file"]:focus,
input[type="submit"]:focus,
.form-control.is-valid:focus,
.form-control.is-invalid:focus,
textarea.tinymce:focus,
.custom-select:focus {
    outline: 2px var(--focus-light) solid;
    outline-offset: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--focus-ring-size) var(--focus-dark);
}

/* end of WCAG 2.4.7 Focus Visible - Two-Color Focus Indicator (Technique C40) */

/* Banner for hero / large image */

.clean-banner {
  position: relative;
  overflow: clip;
  max-height: 360px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-content: start;
}
.clean-banner .clean-banner-image {
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: block;
  width: unset;
  max-width: unset;
  height: 100%;
  max-height: 648px;
}
/* Full-width banners should be taller on larger screens */
@media (width >= 992px) {
  :where(.col-md-12, .col-lg-12) .clean-banner:not(.explicit-image-height) {
    max-height: 432px;
  }
}
@media (width >= 1200px) {
  :where(.col-md-12, .col-lg-12) .clean-banner:not(.explicit-image-height) {
    max-height: 540px;
  }
}
/* Partial-width banners should be shorter */
:where(.col-md-4, .col-lg-4) .clean-banner:not(.explicit-image-height) {
  max-height: 216px;
}
:where(.col-md-6, .col-md-8, .col-lg-6, .col-lg-8) .clean-banner:not(.explicit-image-height) {
  max-height: 288px;
}
/* Explicit image height option for carousels */
.clean-banner.explicit-image-height {
  max-height: unset;
}
.clean-banner.explicit-image-height .clean-banner-image {
  height: 360px;
}
@media (width >= 992px) {
  .clean-banner.explicit-image-height .clean-banner-image {
    height: 432px;
  }
}
@media (width >= 1200px) {
  .clean-banner.explicit-image-height .clean-banner-image {
    height: 540px;
  }
}